In discussing how Catholicism changed in Latin America, specifically in Mexico, we will use links from Khan Academy, available below. Spanish/Portuguese missionaries "could not prevent the melding together of Catholic teachings with elements of pagan beliefs and practices. For example, a sixteenth-century apparition of the Virgin Mary in Mexico City, known as the Virgin of Guadalupe, which became a central icon of New World Catholicism, seems to have been based on veneration of the Aztec Mother Earth goddess, Tonantzin." (p. 457).
An Introduction to New Spain
Virgin of Guadalupe article
In discussing the complex cross-cultural and racial hierarchies that emerged in Spanish colonial Mexico, we will use the below article on the pinturas de castas.
Castas painting video
We will use this documentary from Dr. Gates, professor at Harvard University, in discussing McKay's argument that "[w]ith its immense slave-based plantation agriculture system, large indigenous population, and relatively low Portuguese immigration, Brazil developed a particularly complex racial and ethnic mosaic." (p. 448).
